My two-year-old granddaughter calls me “Bum”. I don’t know how “Gram” became “Bum” but I’ll take it since it has been her special name for me since she learned to talk. In fact, now when she imitates her cousins by calling me Gram as they do, I quickly correct her. I hope I will always be Bum to her. She and I have a very close relationship and there are times when Mommy isn’t around (and sometimes when Mommy is around) that she needs me for comfort. I don’t take that connection for granted but treasure it and I know exactly why we are so close. Since she was born I have massaged her. So many times she has laid on our makeshift changing table in the laundry room while I stroked her, starting at her legs and continuing to her chest, arms, back, face and ears. She and I have sung our crazy songs together, recited silly rhymes, talked about all the things important to a baby, and looked into each others’ eyes while I stroked, rubbed, stretched, bent and, most importantly, loved. She heard the love as I spoke, saw the love as I gazed into her eyes and felt the love through my hands as I made her body feel relaxed and supple. And I am only the grandmother. How wonderful does it feel to her when her parents do the same thing? How secure must she feel to have her senses of sight, hearing and touch saturated by love?
That security that my granddaughter enjoys, the strength of the bond with her parents (and grandparents) is not something to dismiss lightly. With the advent of better means of brain scans researchers are learning more and more about the connection between neuroscience and emotional development. In other words, the baby’s emotional state and that sense of security or “attachment” play a major role in how a baby’s brain develops. Additionally, how the brain develops in the infant as a result of the strength of the bond between baby and caregiver directly impacts that child’s mental and physical well-being into the adult years. Dr Allan Schore, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, says “at the most fundamental level, attachment experiences with a sensitive primary caregiver promote brain development, specifically of the right brain, which for the rest of the life span is dominant for emotional functions, nonverbal communication, the regulation of bodily states, stress, empathy, intuition and indeed survival”.
From the last trimester of pregnancy until around age two, there is an explosion of growth in the brain of a child as the synapses, dendrites, axons and myelin form. Trillions of connections are happening during this critical period of emotional and social development in the right brain that are experience-based. Neurobiology clearly shows that right brain maturation is impacted, for better or worse, by relational experiences. A baby is born with no frame of reference; he has no way to understand the world around him without the influence of the primary caregiver, usually the mother. If that primary caregiver is physically and emotionally available and responsive then the baby develops a sense of security and trust that leads to secure attachment and emotional regulation. If, however, the baby does not have his emotional and physical needs met, then the brain goes into the stress mode, a “fight or flight” mode which permits only what is necessary for survival, not brain development during a critical time of what should be maximum brain growth. Sometimes those moments are brief and sometimes, sadly, those moments when a baby feels abandoned and unable to function last all too long. Those are the children who feel insecure and untethered, who fail to thrive, and who withdraw into their own world.
The social and emotional development of a child, then, has everything to do with sensitive and attuned interactions between the child and the caregiver to create feelings of security in the child and permit regulation of the nervous system so that important regulatory centers of the brain can mature. The stronger the attachment between child and caregiver, the more optimal the development of the right hemisphere of the brain where emotions, feelings, and instinctual responses are centered.
This is where massage comes into play. No other practice except nursing provides such an intense and intentional bonding experience. All mothers receive instruction on how to nurse their babies; I hope in the future that hospitals and ob’s will include infant massage instruction as part of the standard pre-or post-natal instruction.